Citing Sources: Citation Styles

Citation Manuals & Resources

There are varying ways to cite sources. Usually, a short form of the citation is included within the text of the paper (referred to as in-text or parenthetical citations) and then the full citation is given on the last page of the paper, sometimes referred to as a "Works Cited" page, a "References," list or a "Bibliography."

Also, there are different styles to citing sources. The following styles are commonly used:

• APA (American Psychological Association) Format is generally used to cite sources within the social sciences.
• MLA (Modern Language Association) Format is generally used to cite sources within the humanities and liberal arts.

Print Citation Guides:

• MLA Handbook
  Library Reference Z253 .M634 2021
• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
  Library Reference Z253 .P83 2020
• Turabian Style Manual: A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations
  Library Reference Z253 .T8 2013
• The Chicago Manual of Style
  Library Reference Z253 .U69 2017

Citation Guides Online:

• MLA Formatting and Style Guide
• From OWL Purdue University Online Writing Lab
• APA Style and Grammar Guide
  From the American Psychological Association
• Chicago Manual of Style Online
• Guide to Turabian Style
• "Citing Information: Introduction"
  Self-paced instructional tutorials for various citation styles, as well as an introduction to citation. (From the Libraries of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)

Parts of a Citation

A citation is the information which identifies a resource, such as a book, DVD or article. Information for a book usually includes the author, title, publisher, city of publication, and date. The citation for an article usually includes the author, title of the article, title of the journal, volume, issue, pages, and date but the information included will mainly depend on which citation style is used (MLA, APA, etc.).

Plagiarism - What it is and How to avoid it

Whether intentional or accidental, plagiarism is a violation of Salve Regina University's Academic Honor Code, which states that

"all students are expected to accept and abide by the values of honesty, integrity, and truthfulness in their academic pursuits." Penalties for violating the Academic Honor Code can range from failure for the assignment involved to failure of the course.Any violation can result in dismissal from the University."

                  (Source: Student Catalog Student Catalog, Salve Regina University)

What is plagiarism?
According to Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, to plagiarize means "to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own; use (another's production) without crediting the source; to commit literary theft; present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source." (2021)

Plagiarism includes the following offenses:

• Copying, quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing from any source without giving proper credit.
• Submitting another's work as your own.
• Purchasing or downloading a paper and turning it in as your own work.

      (Source: Taken from "Preventing Plagiarism: A Guide for Students" from the Staley Library at Millikin University)

How can I avoid plagiarism?
To avoid plagiarism, you must give credit whenever you:

• Directly quote another person's written or spoken words. Be sure to enclose these words and/or sentences in quotations marks!
• Paraphrase another person's spoken or written words. Paraphrase means to re-write in your own words; merely reordering or substituting words is still considered plagiarism!
• Use theories, ideas, opinions, research, etc. that are not your own.
• Use historical, statistical, or scientific facts or data that are not your own.

        (Source: Taken from "Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid It" from Writing Tutorial Services at Indiana University)

Why do I need to cite sources?

Usually all research papers must include citations. Citations ensure that:

• anyone reading your paper can easily find your sources
• the words and ideas used from your sources are not assumed to be your own
• authors and researchers are properly credited for their original work

Where can I find more information on plagiarism?

• "Using Research" (From the Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University)
• "Research 101: Plagiarism" (From Ithaca College Library)
• "Avoiding Plagiarism - A Guide for Students" (From University of Oregon Libraries)

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